RESUMO
Abstract Due to the longer survival of critically ill children, venous thromboembolism is a problem which is becoming increasingly recognized in pediatric practice. In the last decades, several international studies have been published, shedding a light upon the epidemiology of this disease during childhood. These data show peculiarities in the clinical presentation and the significant morbidity and mortality. The new "epidemic of thrombosis" in pediatric hospitals points toward the urgent need for specific treatment and prevention protocols targeting this population. In Brazil, knowledge regarding this disease remains scarce. The lack of epidemiological data impacts both the clinical care and the design of specific public policies in the field. Thus, a national registry of pediatric venous thromboembolism is relevant to the proposal of an appropriate plan of action to create a qualified net of assistance. The improvement in educational initiatives related to the field of Pediatric Hemostasis is also very important. In this review, we have updated the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disease, as well as the prevention strategies.